Economic Growth In The United States :: essays research papers fc

Economic Growth in the United States Economic growth can be defined as increases in per capita real GDP (gross domestic product) measured by its rate of change per year. Growth rates are very important because even a small change can make vast difference in the coming years. The knowledge of economic growth is also important because it can provide the means to allow us to gain valuable insights. According to Robert D. McTeer, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, two factors determine the rate of economic growth: productivity increases (more output for the same amount of inputs), and labor (the number of hours worked). Productivity in the United States, due to new innovations (that are coming together after years of investment), is growing to levels not seen since the 1960’s. For example: productivity growth has averaged 2.3 percent from 1996 to 1999, doubling the 1.1 percent average productivity growth from 1973 to 1995. At a rate of two percent from 1996 to 1999, labor has also increased, as unemployment fell and welfare recipients have gone to work. The economy has been growing at a rate of about 4.5 percent each year, due to this. However, the increase in the workforce , or hours worked, limits labor growth. Again, according to McTeer, in the long run, productivity growth is the key to rising living standards. On another note, there are many benefits that go along with the economic expansion we are experiencing. The current economic expansion has commonly been referred to by economists as "The 1990’s Economic Boom", because the current growth of the U.S. economy is the longest ever in peacetime. Economists observe that this expansion has benefited nearly every American. According to the reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than three out of every four jobs created from 1989 to 1995 were highly-paid professionals and managerial positions. The Council of Economic Advisers reported that in 1995 and 1996, more than half of new jobs created were in fields where the average wage ranked in the top third of all salaries. Another great benefit according to the Investor’s Business Daily January 19, 1999 publication, is that 1.67 million families left welfare rolls, and 1.74 million more single parents found jobs. Though this economic expansion has been the longest since World War II (according to the New York Times, October 18, 1998), growth during the 1990’s has been weaker than during any growth cycle since the end of the war. Economic Growth In The United States :: essays research papers fc Economic Growth in the United States Economic growth can be defined as increases in per capita real GDP (gross domestic product) measured by its rate of change per year. Growth rates are very important because even a small change can make vast difference in the coming years. The knowledge of economic growth is also important because it can provide the means to allow us to gain valuable insights. According to Robert D. McTeer, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, two factors determine the rate of economic growth: productivity increases (more output for the same amount of inputs), and labor (the number of hours worked). Productivity in the United States, due to new innovations (that are coming together after years of investment), is growing to levels not seen since the 1960’s. For example: productivity growth has averaged 2.3 percent from 1996 to 1999, doubling the 1.1 percent average productivity growth from 1973 to 1995. At a rate of two percent from 1996 to 1999, labor has also increased, as unemployment fell and welfare recipients have gone to work. The economy has been growing at a rate of about 4.5 percent each year, due to this. However, the increase in the workforce , or hours worked, limits labor growth. Again, according to McTeer, in the long run, productivity growth is the key to rising living standards. On another note, there are many benefits that go along with the economic expansion we are experiencing. The current economic expansion has commonly been referred to by economists as "The 1990’s Economic Boom", because the current growth of the U.S. economy is the longest ever in peacetime. Economists observe that this expansion has benefited nearly every American. According to the reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than three out of every four jobs created from 1989 to 1995 were highly-paid professionals and managerial positions. The Council of Economic Advisers reported that in 1995 and 1996, more than half of new jobs created were in fields where the average wage ranked in the top third of all salaries. Another great benefit according to the Investor’s Business Daily January 19, 1999 publication, is that 1.67 million families left welfare rolls, and 1.74 million more single parents found jobs. Though this economic expansion has been the longest since World War II (according to the New York Times, October 18, 1998), growth during the 1990’s has been weaker than during any growth cycle since the end of the war.

Sex, Race, and Class Final Exam Study Guide

SYG 2013: SEX, RACE, AND CLASS STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM TEST FORMAT: The test will contain 55 multiple-choice questions and one essay question. The entire test will be worth 125 points. For the exam you will need: #2 pencil, Scantron form 2052 (brownish-orangeish), and one additional sheet of paper. WHAT SHOULD YOU STUDY? : First, you should make sure that you have completed all of the assigned readings. Next, you should make sure you have a complete set of course notes and hard copies of the Power Point slides.Having a hardcopy of the PowerPoint slides will be especially useful for studying (statistical) information presented in the charts and graphs. I would recommend that you focus most heavily on the places where the material from the assigned readings and lecture material overlap. There will be some questions drawn from the assigned readings that were not discussed in class. For that reason, in order to score in the A or B range, it is absolutely essential that you review the assigned readings by utilizing the Reading and Discussion Qs. Please review these specific readings. There is at least one question from each on the exam.In other words, there is at least 12 points at stake. Page, Clarence Lamberth, John Harkness, Geoff Kimmel, Michael Larew, John If you don’t see one of the terms below in your notes, try to Google it to refresh your memory. I. KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS Socialization, â€Å"gender training†/gender bootcamp Media representation, media framing, media effects Media omnivores Macro-level, micro-level Prejudice Social distance (Bogardus) Confirmation bias Discrimination Audit study Racism Institutional racism (institutional discrimination) White privilege Colorism Index of dissimilarity II. KEY QUESTIONS Learning about Differences What kinds of lessons do children learn about gender while growing up? What kind of â€Å"gender training† do we receive from our parents? Please review this section of the class, paying atten tion to examples dealing with language, physical interaction, and toys/clothing/books, etc. What are the consequences of these kinds of interaction? [These Qs apply both to the essay and multiple-choice Qs]  ·What kinds of gender lessons are learned in school? Especially, what differences did Sadker and Sadker uncover in their studies of gender in elementary school—especially in terms of how teachers interact with male and female students?What are the differences in interaction, and what are their consequences?  ·What are some of the differences in the way that working- and middle-class families socialize their children? In particular, recall examples dealing with differences in the use of language and social interaction across social classes, as discussed by Annette Lareau and Hart & Risley. Portraying Differences in Language and Media  ·What can we learn about language differences between men and women from the research of Deborah Tannen? Who talks more? How do they u se talk for different purposes? In general, how much television/media do Americans take in each day? How do these patterns vary by race, gender, age, etc.?  ·What are studies of media representation? What do we learn from these studies?  ·What are studies of media framing? What do we learn from these studies?  ·What are studies of media effects and â€Å"cultivation analysis† (George Gerbner)? What do we learn from these studies, in terms of the impact of media exposure on issues related to sex/gender, race, and social class? Prejudice and Discrimination: Race and Ethnicity  ·What are: prejudice and discrimination?What is racism and how is it different from discrimination?  ·How is prejudice defined in the Bogardus’s social distance scale? What do we learn from this measure in terms of how prejudice has changed over time?  ·Looking at public opinion polls and surveys, to what extent do Americans think that racism and racial tensions are still a problem in s ociety? How do these opinions differ across racial lines?  ·What do we learn from the results of recent studies on discrimination in housing, employment, car buying, and â€Å"driving while black† (by Massey, Pager, Lamberth, Bertrand and Mullainathan, and others)?In other words, to what extent do find that discrimination is occurring?  ·What is â€Å"white privilege†? According to Peggy McIntosh, how does white privilege contribute to racial inequality?  ·What is â€Å"institutional racism†? How is it different from â€Å"discrimination†? What are some examples of institutional racism (the G. I. Bill, funding for education)?  ·If racial inequalities are to be reduced, how do the (a) micro- (Michael Scott) and (b) macro-level perspectives suggest different kinds of solutions?  ·The legal system sometimes gets involved in cases of discrimination.Please be aware of cases against Hooters, Abercrombie, etc. Further, on what grounds are organizations like the Augusta National Golf Club able to exclude women as members?  ·Who is the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)? What is their job? How many cases/what kinds of cases do they review?  ·To what extent is there evidence that white people are sometimes the victims of racial discrimination (â€Å"reverse discrimination†)? Please be aware of the findings of the EEOC on this matter, as well as the outcome of the Supreme Court case of Ricci v. DeStefano.Prejudice and Discrimination: Sexual Orientation  ·Thinking about public opinion in the U. S. , to what extent do people currently support same-sex marriage rights among gays and lesbians? How do public attitudes differ by age? How do their views on â€Å"gay marriage† compare to their views on â€Å"civil unions†? [Check out the graphs and tables]  ·In how many states/which states do gays and lesbians have the right to marry?  ·In the various court cases, on what basis have gays and lesbian s (and their supporters) argued that they should have the legal right to marry? In the United States, both court judges and ordinary citizens play a role in shaping policies surrounding same-sex marriage. What are some of the key differences in the decisions and decision-making process of these two groups on the issue of same-sex marriage? Prejudice and Discrimination: Disabilities Studies  ·What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? When was it signed into law? What does it cover (employment, public accommodations)?  ·What are cochlear implants? In what ways is this medical technology controversial within the deaf community? Prejudice and Discrimination: Gender How large is the â€Å"gender gap in pay†?  ·Looking at the graphs presented in class, how/why will the gender gap in pay change in the next couple of decades?  ·Why does the gender gap in pay exist? What are some of the individual, or micro-level reasons for the gap? What are some of the structural, o r macro-level reasons for the gap? [We didn’t talk about the macro-level very much in class, but as long as you understand what the macro-level perspective is, you should be able to develop a basic answer to this Q]  ·Continuing to think about the micro- and macro-levels, what are some of the â€Å"solutions† to the gender gap in pay?Possible Essay Questions: 1)Audit studies: What are audit studies? Define in general. What techniques were used in the audit studies discussed in class? Strengths; weaknesses; suggestions for improvements. 2)Gender bootcamp. First, what is it, in general, and how does it compare to military bootcamp? Looking at the subcomponents of gender bootcamp, what are the key features (steps, procedures, etc. )? Bring in as many examples from class as possible, especially focusing on primary socialization at home. Read also: Our Changing Society

The Importance of Music in Society Essay - 1992 Words

â€Å"La, la, la,† whether it is through a rock concert, church, or being forced to sing â€Å"Happy Birthday,† to a loved one, music is everywhere. But, what is it about music that makes one tap their shoes? Why do people hum their favorite tunes? Especially in the modern age of music when the most popular music makes many people quench. However, music in general, no matter the genre is applicable throughout every aspect of life, whether it be through child development, consumer science, or the effect it has on emotions. From the beginning of mankind there have been make shift instruments, the lullabies sung to young children, and the dancing of tribes. Who knew that an ancient lullaby sung to a charming, cherished, child could be a road- map†¦show more content†¦Another important development is the language development. A wonderful quote from Drikyle Pruelt is, â€Å"Language competence is at root of social competence. Musical experience strengthens the ca pacity to be verbally competent† (qtd. in Brown par. 6). Mr. Pruelt explains that music helps a child through developing their verbal and language competence in turn benefitting their social competence. Think of music as a parent that teaches the child to grow up through their lifetime, which is practically what the PBS article is stating. Besides the ability to learn, it is essential to understand music’s impact on spatial- temporal skills. â€Å"Research has also found a causal link between music and spatial- intelligence, which means that understanding music can help children visualize various elements that should go together, like they would do when solving a math problem† (Brown par. 12). Brown is inherently stating that music at an early age may help children solve problems and patterns at a higher standard further on in their lives. Spatial- intelligence is an important skill that children would be able to use any day. This quote proves that math is not th e only educational tool that may be attained from experiencing music at a young age. Speaking of which, although it is obvious, higher math skills are attained with child development. â€Å"Research shows that piano students are better equipped to comprehend mathematical and scientific concepts† (How MusicShow MoreRelatedMusic, Dancing, And Family Honor1472 Words   |  6 Pagesthat are presented throughout the film include music, dancing, and family honor. Music was included as a transition between scenes in order to add dimension to Devdas. In Indian culture, music and dancing are not only meant to be a form of entertainment, but are also a way to worship gods. This form of art is commonly accepted by both Hinduism and Buddhism communities because it is viewed by many to be a gift from the gods. Traditional Indian music is often accompanied by intricate dancing to showRead MoreThe Impact Of Music On The Music1386 Words   |  6 Pageshow music was seen and listened to. Be fore the phonograph, music was played live and performers communicated with audiences expressively, through facial and bodily gestures. The phonograph, as Mark Katz argues in Capturing sound, introduced the phonographic effect—(in)visibility. With recorded music, the performer and the listener were separated; they were oblivious of each other’s physical qualities. For colored artists separating race from music, essentially making race irrelevant in music, becameRead MoreThe Modern Perceptions of Classical Music Essay example553 Words   |  3 Pageshear the term â€Å"music† they are likely to respond with a fresh singer, band, or genre of â€Å"pop† music. Often times society places their opinion of classical music and popular music on completely different wavelengths of importance in the world. The modern perception of classical vs. popular music has led to a heavily decreasing audience for classical groups and performances, a desire for repetitive and simple melodies, and a negative stigma against classical music’s importance. When music began to becomeRead MoreEssay about English: The Most Important Language of Today885 Words   |  4 Pagesseen as the global language of business as well (Clark). The importance of English is measurable by its increasing expansion in several nations around the world. The majority of Europe is beginning to speak English, leaving only five European nations that do not speak it as a popular foreign language, as stated in a Daily Mail online article by Steve Doughty (Doughty). The language is everywhere, from popular culture, western movies and music, literature, news, schools and more. The domination of EnglishRead MoreEssay on Traditional African Music1598 Words   |  7 PagesTraditional African Music An attempt to pin down a single meaning for the word traditional, presents a problem in many ways. The implications of the word are many, and are tied to various connotations. Some people, Westerners in particular, may actually shun the traditional, as they feel that it implies a resistance to modernity. This view is incorrect, and there exists an ethnocentric double standard when Westerners consider their tradition versus African tradition. Others focus on traditionRead MoreThe Legacy Of Soul Music1509 Words   |  7 PagesSoul is a music genre that over five decades or so remains very popular in the music industry. This may be due to the fact that soul has had a huge impact upon other genres. Shuker defines soul as a â€Å"secular version of gospel, soul was the major black musical form of the 1960s and 1970s and remained evident in various hybrid styles since, for example, contemporary neo-soul and soul jazz (312). The history of soul music is notable for producing a range of a rtists who have assisted African-AmericanRead MorePleasantville setting essay1151 Words   |  5 Pageswere more ignorant, racist and most certainly sexist. Ross demolishes this illusion of the great 1950s American society by showing how its defects are gradually changed from black and white to colour. Ross uses various settings to help show the viewer the imperfect aspects of Pleasantville’s demeanour and the idea of ‘The importance of change’. Ross users signifiers like costumes and music to signal to the viewer what time period or place the film is taking place in and he also uses contrast in settingRead MoreInanga: A Song of Survival in Daughter’s Rwanda1673 Words   |  7 Pages Transcending individual differences, music in Africa has proved to be more than just a collection of notes and the production of sounds. Throughout this past semester, Professor B drew materials from West, East and South Africa to demonstrate the powerful ability of music to bring and bind people together. Consistently exemplified throughout African history, music has served as the unifying link between generations. In the documentary, Inanga: A Song of Survival in Daughter’s Rwanda, a family’sRead MoreFranz Richard Wagner s Influence On Society1430 Words   |  6 PagesWilhelm Richard Wagner was a renowned German opera composer who lived in the 1800s. Besides his extravagant operatic works, he dabbled in written essays with the most notable being his Judaism in Music published in 1850. Wagner’s essay made very clear his views on Jewish composers and performers in the German musical realm—he loathed them. His anti-Semitism is made blatantly clear in the very first paragraph, â€Å"It will not be a question, however, of saying something new, but of explaining that unconsciousRead MoreHistory of the Blues Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesone way shape or form Blues music has influenced almost every music artist and their wor k. Jazz and Blues gave way to such artists as Elvis Presley and Chuck Barry. The history and origins of Blues traces back many generations. Many articles have been written over the years helping readers better understand the history and importance of Blues music. All the articles have a similar attitude toward The Blues. Each article makes Blues Musics social and musical importance and impact blaringly obvious

The Usage of Symbolism in Lord of the Flies Essay examples

Symbols are often used in literature to drive plot, give clues to events in the story, and develop key characters. They have more than one meaning, and in the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding there are three key symbols used: the conch, Piggy’s eyeglasses and the impaled pigs head. These three symbols will be discussed by using specific references to the text as well as examining how they negatively impact the characters in the story. Thesis: Three essential symbols that have a negative impact on the story are the conch, Piggy’s eyeglasses and the impaled pigs head. The conch is a symbol in the novel and represents civilized authority and democracy. When the group of boys are stranded on the island, they choose Ralph as the†¦show more content†¦Even thought Piggy is physically blind without his glasses he has insight as to his surroundings. Jack shows dislike towards Piggy by ridiculing his physique by saying , â€Å"Better Piggy the Fatty†. (40) His intelligence is undermined by the fact that Jack makes fun of him. The need for civilization, innocence and loss of power is shown through the impaled pigs head. In order for the group to survive, animals must be killed in order for the boys to eat. Jack takes on the role of hunter because he enjoys killing living things, as seen when he states, â€Å"Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in!† (104) Ralph is a more calm person and does not enjoy killing as much as Jack, although he takes a small part in killing the pig. However, in the end, Jack gains all the power because everyone looks up to him as leader because he attempts to hunt the pig throughout the novel and is successful in the end. â€Å"We’ll take the meat along the beach.† â€Å"Pick up the pig,† Jack said. (150) Meanwhile, Ralph doubts Jacks abilities to kill the pig, and constantly mocks him about being successful. â€Å"He tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up.†(51) Jack proves Ralph wr ong and kills the pig. â€Å"Jack begins to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling.(58) He celebratesShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies : Human Savagery And The Flow Of Power1592 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies is a chilling work about human savagery and the flow of power. Golding uses symbolism, characterization, and description to illustrate the occurrences and the underlying themes in the novel. The work has an ominous but irresistible tone that Golding lays out through his description of the island. Golding makes the island seem sinister and irresistible by writing,† The shore was fledged with palm trees. These stood or leaned or reclined against the light and their green feathersRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1776 Words   |  8 PagesMaybe the beast is us (Golding 85), in the novel, Lord of the Flies, by author William Golding, Golding uses the entire book as social commentary. The social aspect he focuses on is man’s ability t o be evil and destructive. William Golding uses three specific literary devices to convey this idea; characterization, diction and symbolism. Lord of the Flies explains man s capacity for evil which is revealed in his inherent human nature, which he cannot control or ignore. The hidden evil withinRead MoreLord Of The Flies Literary Analysis1101 Words   |  5 Pageswriting, such as Lord of The Flies by William Golding. Irony is an important element in literature as it provides writers with a vehicle to communicate a deeper, more meaningful message. In his literary critique, How To Read Literature Like a Professor, Thomas C. Foster emphasizes the significance of irony in literature, stating repeatedly, â€Å"irony trumps everything† (Foster 261). In â€Å"everything†, Foster refers to all other components of the story: character development, theme, symbolism, etc. In writingRead MoreDefects Of Human Nature In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies1551 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief is contradicted by the action of the boys, in William Golding’s, â€Å"Lord of the Flies†. A group of schoolboys are abr uptly thrown out of their controlled and civil circumstances into an inhabited tropical island in the middle of the Pacific. The novel is Golding’s attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature, by using symbolism to delineate this theme. Golding’s extensive use of symbolism, such as the conch, the signal fire and the painted faces helps demonstrateRead MoreLord Of The Flies Human Nature Analysis1537 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief is contradicted by the action of the boys, in William Golding’s, â€Å"Lord of the Flies†. A group of schoolboys are abruptly thrown out of their controlled and civil circumstances into an inhabited tropical island in the middle of the Pacific. The novel is Golding’s attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature, by using symbolism to delineate this theme. Golding’s extensive use of symbolism, such as the conch, the signal fire and the painted faces helps de monstrateRead MoreAnalysis: Edward Taylors Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children, and Upon A Wasp Chilled With Cold1153 Words   |  5 Pagesrelation to that of a human being. Near the end of the poem, Taylor gives off a joyous and happy expression in the death of his children, almost coming across as grateful for the passing of his children. He states that, â€Å"That as I said, I say, take, Lord, they’re Thine./I piecemeal pass to Glory brought in them.† (Taylor ll. 39-40). This statement creates an image to the reader that he holds no angst towards God in the death of his children and would rather have his children wallow in the grace ofRead MoreLord Of The Flies Literary Analysis1534 Words   |  7 PagesGolding can be clearly seen as a writer who knows what he is doing. From vivid description down to the most scrutinous detail to his plethoric of symbolism seen throughout the novel, it is clear that he is an experienced writer. From his other books like The Inheritors and The Scorpion God it can still be seen that one of his earlier books, Lord of the Flies, is truly one of his greatest masterpieces. That book would also be the topic of this essay, and from the very beginning was obviously a pieceRead MoreIrony, Allusion, Metaphor, Personification, Alliteration, And Comic Relief1199 Words   |  5 PagesPersonification: As mentioned on page 19, â€Å"Sleep enveloped him like swathing mirages that were wrestling with the brilliance of the lagoon.† Alliteration: The ululation rose behind him and spread along, a series of short sharp cries, the sighting call. The usage of the ‘s’ sound is used to deliver a abrupt and sneaky sound. Comic Relief: â€Å"He tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up.† Jack is slowly transforming from civilized to savage. What is the dramatic situationRead MoreMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 PagesSymbols In Fahrenheit 451 (views: 512) Distinguished Professor of Nursing Dr. Jean Watson (views: 494) The Wars By Timothy Findley (views: 466) Lord Of The Flies Quotes And Significance (views: 448) Veronica By Adewale Maja Pearce (views: 438) Maestro (views: 418) The False Gems: An Analysis Essay (views: 402) A More Perfect Union: Usage Of Ethos, Logos, Pathos (views: 392) Shoe Horn Sonata Speech (views: 388) The Solitary Reaper Analysis (views: 364) Analysis Of Graduation By MayaRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagescreates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. Lord of the Flies provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustrating the three sides of the psyche through its sharply-defined main characters. A form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay - 987 Words

The Lottery By: Shirley Jackson Summary: The Lottery happens in June every year in a small village of about 300 people. Its a tradition held annually for well over 80 years and Mr. Summers who oversees several civic activities in the community like square dances, teenage club, and the Halloween program as well as the Lottery. The Lottery normally starts around ten oclock in the morning and is finished around noon, the townspeople gather at the center of the town. A small old black wooden box is used to shuffle and pass out slips of paper out to the townsfolk, the various head of house-holds line up to be dealt a small hand of fate. A lot of the original stuff that came with the small black wooden box has been long since†¦show more content†¦Examine how the towns-people react at the thought of ending the Lottery. Shirley Jackson leads the reader to an unexpected ending because most of the story up until the plot twist was pretty predictable which is why the ending was so surprising. The children in s tory were some of the first people Jackson describes as the villagers began to assemble in town center. She mentions the time of year is after school has let out for the summer. She then mentions the way the children were assembling before the lottery takes place, They tended to gather together quietly far a while before they broke into boisterous play. Jackson followed up the playful gathering and describes how the boys scramble around to gather smooth stones before the lottery commences. The Author describes the little girls talking amongst themselves while glancing over their shoulder as the boys gather stones. Bobby Martin is portrayed as an innocent child collecting rocks, playing, and getting dirty just in time to fall in line between his father and his brother in line for the lottery. The men and women of the village are going about life as if its any ordinary day in late July. Shirley Jackson further tells the reader about the women are dressed in faded casual clothes, and how the women casually began greeting one and other, and as they exchanged bits of gossip during the few minutes before the lottery. And the men were chatting and jokingShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson7 57 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, sensel ess lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

The Pearl Epilogue Free Essays

The Pearl Epilogue It has been five years since Kino and Juana through away the pearl back into the deep blue sea. Kino, has been having many dreams about the day Coyotito’s head had been blown off of his silk skin body. From that day, they knew that it was time to enter a period of hiding. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pearl Epilogue or any similar topic only for you Order Now A new King of Spain was chosen because of the old one being assassinated. It was the previous Kings son who was bloodthirsty to find where Kino and Juana were hiding because since Kino had killed a man, he was also pinned for the murder of King Aurellious; which was not a crime he had committed. The King of Spain had searched the native’s entire homeland to hopefully capture them, but the King was thinking to smart. For five years, Kino and Juana have been hiding in a dark black cave that was as cold as a freezer. They were feared of being ripped to shreds as if they were real animals being skinned. Kino and Juana have grown apart from purposes long ago, but they realized they needed each other for the problems they are encountering now. Although Kino and Juana had their differences in seeing each other, they each had moments over the years where they loved each other very much. It was enough for Juana to reach a stage of being pregnant once again. With a new baby on the way it certainly kept Juana occupied for many months. Kino for months found food, water, and enough things to call a cave somewhat of his home. No matter how many animals Kino had skinned it wasn’t enough to keep him or Juana warm. Juana was growing very sick because she was losing energy from caring the baby in her stomach. When the time came for the baby can come out of Juana’s whom, she was on the edge of dying. They both knew that the baby would have to be cut out of Juana’s whom, so Juana insisted to do anything to her to get the one thing Kino and her wanted the most, their beautiful baby daughter. Kino had to kill Juana for she wouldn’t have to suffer the pain of being sliced like a butcher slices meat. The new born girl had finally come. Kino and Juana always remembered the wonderful years they had with Coyotito, so Kino decided to name his new born baby girl; Coyotita. But, as soon as Kino had Coyotita wrapped around his arms, a million thoughts came pouring into his brain; from how the baby will survive with no ursery, to finding food and watching Coyotita at the same time. Kino soon realized that he really needed Juana while he did the rest by getting resources to stay alive in the cave. Kino was truly living like a caveman. He had no education, he is wanted dead or alive, and he has a new baby that might die because of him not being able to support her. He is running o ut of time to feed himself and his baby, so he is coming up with a plan to get his life back together. He is deciding on returning to his village with the baby wrapped in white tiger skin placed in a weaved oval shape basket, with a note on the left side of him. Kino was planning on bringing Coyotita to his brother for a while so Kino can turn himself over to the King. But, Kino does not know that he was also accused for the murder of their former King of Spain. Kino was completely confused like an orphan trying to understand that his parents weren’t his birth parents. He was about to enter the gates of the King’s Kingdom as hundreds of soldiers ran towards him screaming in Spanish to stay down and not to move. He was immediately taken to the King for his sentence. The King was screaming at Kino for what he has done. Kino apologized for killing a man, but the king began again to scream because he was explaining to Kino that King Aurellious was not just a man. From there on Kino knew that he was going to be punished with a murder that he had never committed. He was not aloud to say anything after he was given his life long sentence or the choice of being executed. Kino chose to be executed. Ten years later, Coyotita was living a very well educated life with her uncle watching over her. How to cite The Pearl Epilogue, Papers

The purpose of this assignment... free essay sample

The purpose of this assignment is to reflect and analyze the concepts and theories that I have learned so far in this course. In this assignment I will explore and analyze three learning theories, identifying the major concepts of each theory and explaining how each theory applies to adult learning. I will further demonstrate my knowledge and understanding of the theoretical concepts by developing and explaining strategies that I can put into practice in future learning sessions.if teaching is about helping others learn, then we as teachers ought to understandthe learning process of adults?people who, like us, have spent many years inschools, many years in society, and in some cases, many years working inbusiness.Adults don?t learn like children. Adults are more discerning in what they are willingto learn, more questioning, and more resentful of being told what to learn. They need to seemore clearly how what they are being asked to learn will benefit them; for adults, learningis much more utilitarian than it is for children. Whether for children or adults, learning theories abound. We could consider thetheories of Thorndike, Pavlov, Guthrie, Tolman, Hull, Skinner, the Gestalt theorists, Piaget,Freud, Knox, Knowles, Kolb, Bruner, and others. An exhaustive treatment of them,however, would consume this book and more. A variety of good books summarizes thesetheories; references for some of them are given at the end of this chapter. What we want todo here is to outline the chief characteristics of some practical models of adult learning thatcan provide a basis for discussion and inform your preparations for teaching.Kolbs Experiential Learning Theory David Kolb proposed that learning was an experiential process and developed a model of learning called the Experiential Learning Theory. Kolbs theory consists of an experiential learning cycle in which a four stage process describes how we acquire and embed new knowledge. The theory suggests that we change as a result of experience, reflection, conceptualization and experimentation. The theory is presented as a four stage process with concrete experience at the top of the cycle. Kolb contends that for new knowledge to be effectively learned, an individual must progress through all four stages.The experiential theory of Kolb (1984) suggests that the learning cycle consists of four primary stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. According to Kolb, individual differences in these stages give rise to learning styles.Kolb (1984) developed the experimental learning theory (learning by doing) by this he suggested that learning is not fixed but formed from previous experiences. Kolb learning theory which is cyclical affirmed that people have different learning style and he identified four distinct learning styles as shown in figure 1 below includes concrete experience (having an experience ), reflective observation( taking time to reflective on their experience from different perspective), abstract conceptualization ( drawing their conclusions) and active experimentation ( putting theory into practice). For effective learning to happen Kolb said all this four must be taking into context when planning a teaching session. Learning takes place when a person has an experience, then reflects on that experience, which leads to an analysis and formation of abstract concepts and generalizations, which are then used in experimentation to test the hypothesis.So why does Kolbs Experiential Learning theory matter? Kolbs experiential learning theory can be used to promote reflection and self-led learning in practice. It is also one of the mechanisms that allows more ad vanced instructors to achieve mastery and to innovate new solutions to problems in the learning environment. Knowledge of learning styles can help us better understand our adult learners and realize that they are all unique. Some impacts include (Organizational Application): Based on Kolb theory, adult learning and development function has been improved, Training and Development has incorporated experiential learning, Learning Organization concept focusses on how groups and organizations learn. (Education Application): Improved classroom learning through more appropriate learning opportunities, Classroom activities designed to offer learners chances to engage in suitable manner – shift from teacher dominated to participative learning environment, Educators can identify preferred learning style and application of experiential learning cycle, Use of better techniques like case study methods for real life learning scenarios.that there four different types of learners which must be taken into consideration when planning a teaching session as shown in figure 1 above. These include the activists, like learning situation that presents them with new challenges, problem solving, and role play and uses the first opportunity to experiment; reflector like brainstorming and learning activity that gives room for observation, thinking and reflecting on they have learned; theorist like to research into fact before taking it onboard, they prefer a step by step approach and pragmatis t like practical based learning and been given the opportunity to try out techniques and getting feedback in return. In view of fact that people have varied approach to learning considering the fact that its a group teaching. I intend to present my teaching to my mentor first to get feedback on whether I have considered all the four learners identified by both Kolb and Honey and MumfordBanduras Social Learning Theory Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory can be described as one of the most effective ways of learning and emphasizes the importance of observing and modelling the behaviours, attitudes and emotional reactions of others. Bandura suggests that observation, imitation, and modeling play a key role in the learning process. The social learning theory consists of three basic concepts. Observational learning is the first concept that suggests that people can learn through observation. There are three types of observational learning, including a live model, a verbal instructional model and a symbolic model. The live model involves a real individual demonstrating or acting out a behavior. The verbal instructional model involves descriptions and explanations of behaviour. The symbolic model involves either real or fictional characters displaying behaviours in books, films, television programs, or online media. The second concept, intrinsic reinforcement, states that internal mental states are essential to learning. Intrinsic reinforcement is a form of internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. The third concept is the modelling process which suggests that just because learning takes place, a change in behaviour does not necessarily occur. It also suggests that not all observed behaviours are effectively learned and factors involving both the model and the learner can play a role in determining if social learning is successful or not. Steps involved in the observational learning and modeling process include attention, retention, reproduction and motivation.So why does Banduras Social Learning Theory matter? Banduras Social Learning Theory, specifically the concept of self-efficacy, highlights specific environments in which learners can best understand and develop their self-efficacy. Some specific strategies that I can develop and put into action in future sessions include: ensuring that the learning environment is non-threatening, create situations where learners can be successful and avoid putting them in situations in which they will fail, create a positive atmosphere t hat will not only help to reduce stress but also make it easier for learners to engage and learn, and create realistic standards of achievement. (Huitson, 2018) I believe we as instructors/teachers/trainers need to develop ways using this model to ensure each learner is learning the information, retaining the information learned and are then able to use what they have learned successfully and confidently going forward. In addition to this if we as instructors/teacher/trainers are effective in delivering what is required, it will only increase the learners motivation to continue to learn, and increase their want to learn. This demonstrates the core of Banduras Social Learning Theory, the concept of Self-Efficacy (Huitson, 2018). If we can be part of increasing and/or maintaining a learners level of Self-Efficacy we have set them up for success down the road to deal with challenges they may come across once their formal learning session is complete.Social learning theory has been applied extensively to the understanding of aggression (Bandura, 1973) and psychological disorders, particularly in the context of behavior modification (Bandura, 1969). It is also the theoretical foundation for the technique of behavior modeling which is widely used in training programs. In recent years, Bandura has focused his work on the concept of self-efficacy in a variety of contexts (e.g., Bandura, 1997). Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow developed a motivational theory, called the Hierarchy of Needs, which argues that while people aim to meet basic needs, they seek to meet continuously higher needs. The hierarchy has 5 levels and is typically presented as a pyramid. Maslow identified the five levels of needs as: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The main concept behind this theory is that we have certain needs in order to learn and that these are hierarchical. We will not be successful at moving onto higher levels until we have been motivated through the lower levels. If our lower level needs are not met we cannot achieve the higher levels of self-actualization, meaning we will not reach our full potential. So why does Maslows Hierarchy of Needs matter? Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is prevalent in works on educational theory. Although usually presented as a hierarchy of needs many describe it as a way to understand how learners reach their potential and what barriers might exist to them getting there. The success of an educational intervention is influenced by the learners experiences, motivations, behaviours and psychology. As teachers we can do much to accommodate these things in order to make learning better. In his own words, Maslow (as cited in Green, 2000) identifies the variability: The specific form that these needs will take will of course vary greatly from person to person. This contributes to the already hefty task of fostering the want to master a skill in an individual – having to consider not only what is in your immediate power, but other potential barriers outside the immediate environment. The growth of self-actualization (Maslow, 1962) refers to the need for personal growth and discovery that is present throughout a persons life. For Maslow, a person is always becoming and never remains static in these terms. In self-actualization, a person comes to find a meaning to life that is important to them (McLeod, 2017, para. 17) Teachers and group leaders mainly deal with the four deprivation needs (physiological, safety, love and belonging, and self-esteem). Any efforts that you can make to contribute to these needs will greatly improve a learners ability to learn and achieve in your learning environment. Make sure that you take time to get to know your learners and understand their knowledge level and level on MaslowsHierarchy. By doing this, you will be in a better position to help learners move up the hierarchy. Often we must seek outside or governmental resources (for lower need-level learners) in order to help prepare learners for a learning situation. However, the more you understand the basic needs of each student, the more likely you are to help remove obstacles from learning so that learning can be enhanced and maximized. Using the 5 levels of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, I will be able to take into consideration certain strategies that I can use in future training. Some of the easier strategies that I can use include providing a comfortable classroom that includes suitable room temperatures and sufficient bathroom and drink breaks. In addition, I can provide well planned lessons and consistent expectations as well as offer an accepting and non-threatening attitude in the way the lesson is taught. These strategies address the physiological and safety needs. In order to address social needs I can create a classroom environment that requires mutual trust and provides opportunities for sharing through meetings, discussions and peer tutoring. I can ensure that I am listening to my students and being supportive. In order to address esteem needs some of the strategies that I can use include developing new knowledge based on background knowledge to help ensure success, take individual needs and abilities int o account when planning lessons, teaching using multiple modes of learning, and ensuring that I am alert to student difficulties so that I can intervene as soon as possible. The last need, the need for self-actualization, is much more challenging to have an impact on. However, I feel that there are some strategies that I can apply to help students achieve this growing need including, giving students freedom to explore and discover on their own, making the learning meaningful by connecting it to their own lives, and allowing students to get involved in creative activities ; projects. As adult educators it is crucial that we have a clear understanding of the different learning styles of our learners and make an effort to incorporate a range of teaching and learning strategies in order to appeal to these learners. Learners are fundamentally different and prefer different ways of learning. Teaching is an act of imparting knowledge, a purposeful intervention aimed at promoting learning and causing learning to happen.ConclusionPeople learn in different ways. They may have some adaptability in their learningstyles, but we seem to prefer certain ways of approac hing and working through learningsituations. We receive and process information in different ways. We think and decide indifferent ways. The more sensitive you are to the variations in your students? cognitivestyles and to your own cognitive, learning, and teaching styles, the more effective yourteaching will be ?